Toward disease-specific therapies in mind-body cancer research: reverse engineering, epigenetic feedback and in vitro/ in vivo combination protocols
Keywords:
cancer, epigenetic, biophysical, reverse engineering, meditation, quantitative real-time PCR-based gene expression analysis, DNA microarray, feedback, low level laser therapy, biophoton emission, EEG, mind-body medicineAbstract
Although we have significant experimental evidence demonstrating that specific meditation forms correlate with particular effects on biological targets, mind-body therapeutic applications are still very rudimentary and poorly standardized, consisting of little more than exercises designed to trigger a parasympathetic response. If the sole physiological effect of meditation were related to the relaxation response, then indeed most forms of meditation would be expected to work in similar ways and achieve similar results. But as we have explored in a previous panel discussion anchored by Michael Persinger and his group [Bajpai et al., Journal of Nonlocality, II-2, 2013], the convergence of photobiology and qigong experimental research indicates that specific brainwave patterns correlate with specific biophoton emission frequencies, microtubule conformational states and biological effects, both at the level of the operator’s body and in remote targets. Of greatest clinical interest is the ability of focused intent to produce target-specific, directional effects, while leaving control samples unaffected – a feature that has been documented by over a hundred in vitro and in vivo controlled qigong experiments and corroborated by several hundred Random Event Generator (REG) studies conducted at Princeton and other university labs. While the physical modeling of such remote effects is still speculative, the potential applications are sufficiently intriguing to warrant an empirical leap ahead of the theoretical staging. If cancer is “a disease of geometry” due to a “misregulation of the field of information that orchestrates individual cells’ activities towards normal anatomy”, as Chernet and Levin argue [Chernet and Levin, J Clin Exp Oncol 2013, S1], could we find a way to design and calibrate specific meditation forms to predictably achieve intended electromagnetic effects at a biological target (such as a tumor)? The present paper proposes a general approach that might take us a step closer to tailoring such targeted mind-body interventions through the use of reverse engineering, rapid-expression epigenetic feedback and an in vitro/ in vivo combination protocol.
References
Alraek T, Lee MS, Choi TY, Cao H, and Liu J. 2011. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Compl Alt Med, 11:87-97.
Baars, Bernard J. "A scientific approach to silent consciousness." Frontiers in psychology 4 (2013).
Backster, Cleve. Primary Perception: biocommunication with plants, living foods and human cells. White Rose Millennium Press, 2003.
Bai F, Sun CL, Liu ZY, Shen JC, Shen YZ, Ge RC, et al. (2000). Seeds induced to germinate rapidly by mentally projected Qi energy are apparently genetically altered. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 28(1): 3-8.
Bajpai, R., Ryan Burke, Trevor Carniello, Joseph Caswell, Donald J. DeGracia, Larry Dossey, Blake Dotta, Lyndon Juden-Kelly, Hideyuki Kokubo, Brian Millar, Michael A. Persinger, Matti Pitkanen, Nicolas Rouleau, Kevin Saroka, Mandy A. Scott, Lian Sidorov, Linda St-Pierre, Lucas Tessaro, Patrizio Tressoldi, David Vares. "Tinkering with the Unbearable Lightness of Being: Meditation, Mind-Body Medicine and Placebo in the Quantum Biology Age." Journal of Nonlocality Vol. II Nr 2 (2013).
Blank M and Soo L (2001) Optimal frequencies for magnetic acceleration of cytochrome oxidase and Na,K-ATPase reactions. Bioelectrochemistry 53[2]:171
Blank M. & Goodman R. (1997) Do electromagnetic fields interact directly with DNA? Bioelectromagnetics 18:111
Blank M. & Goodman R. (1998) Reply to R. K. Adair Bioelectromagnetics 19:138
Becker, R. (1990) Cross Currents: the Perils of Electropollution, the Promise of Electromedicine. 1st edn. Tarcher/Putnam, New York, NY
Becker R. and Selden G (1985) The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life, 1st edn. Morrow, New York, NY
Benor, D J (2001) Spiritual Healing: Scientific Validation of a Healing Revolution. Vision Publications, Southfield MI 2001
Bhasin M. K., Dusek J. A., Chang B.-H., Joseph M. G., Denninger J. W., et al. (2013).Relaxation response induces temporal transcriptome changes in energy metabolism, insulin secretion and inflammatory pathways. PLoS ONE 8:e62817.10.1371/journal.pone.0062817
Bobby HP, Ng H, and Tsang WH. 2009. Psychophysiological Outcomes of Health Qigong for Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review. Psychophysiology, 46(2)257-69.
Braud, WG (1979). Conformance behavior involving living systems. In Roll WG et al. (eds), Research in Parapsychology 1978, Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 111-115.
Braud, WG (1990). Distant mental influence of rate of hemolysis of human red blood cells, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1990, 84(1): 1-24.
Cao QY, Li YQ, Cheng CQ, and Liang JX. 1993. Inhibition of Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells In Vitro by Emitted Qi and Gamma Ray. Proc 2nd World Conf for Acad Exch of Medical Qigong, Beijing. 103.
Cao XT, Ye TX, and Gao YT. 1988. The Effect of the Emitted Qi in Enhancing the Induction In Vitro of Lymphokines in Relation to Anti-Tumor Mechanisms. Proc 1st World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong, Beijing. 51.
Carter, Chris (2007) Parapsychology and the Skeptics: A Scientific Argument for the Existence of ESP . SterlingHouse Books, Pittsburgh, PA 2007
Challis, G. B., and H. J. Stam. "The spontaneous regression of cancer: a review of cases from 1900 to 1987." Acta Oncologica 29.5 (1990): 545-550.
Chen XJ, Yi Q, Liu KL & Zhang JM, (1995). Double-blinded study of the effect of qigong external qi on the human nose cancer cells in nude mice.” p. 288 in Lin ZP (ed.) Understanding of True Qi Cultivation and Sublimation. Beijing: Chinese Publisher of Constructive Materials.
Chen K, Sidorov L, Dossey L, (2005). “Effects of intent and mental state on the biological subjects: A review and its implications to medical research.” Medical Paradigm. 1(2)
Chen YF. 1992. A Study of the Effect of Qigong EQ on the ConA Agglutinating Reaction of Human Lung Cancer Cells (SPC-A). Chinese J Somatic Sci, 2(2):63-6.
Chen, XJ, Gao, QY, Jao XR, Zhang JM, et al. 1990. Effects of Emitted Qi on Inhibition of Human NPC Cell Line and DNA Synthesis. 3rd Natl Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou. 79, 60.
Chen YF. 1993. Analysis of the Effect of External Qi of Qigong on the Human Hepatocarcinoma cells (BEL-7402) with the Flow Cytometry. Chin J Somatic Sci, 3(4):151-3.
Chen K, Shiflett SC, Ponzio NM, He BH, Elliott DK, and Keller SE. 2002. A Preliminary Study of the Effect of External Qigong on Lymphoma Growth in Mice. J Alt Compl Med, 8(5):615-21.
Chen K, Shiflett SC, and He BH. 2001. A Preliminary Study of the Effect of External Qi Emission on PPT-1 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Presented at Comprehensive Cancer Care 2001: Integrating Alternative and Complementary Therapies, October 19-21
Chen XJ, Li YQ, Liu GC, and He BH. 1997. The Inhibitory Effect of Chinese Taiji Wuxing Qigong on Transplanted Hepatocarcinoma in Mice. Asia Medicine, 11:36-8. [In Chinese]
Chen XJ, Yi Q, Liu KL, and Zhang JM. 1995. Double-Blinded Study of the Effect of Qigong External Qi on the Human Nose Cancer Cells in Nude Mice. In: Lin ZP (Ed.) Understanding of True Qi Cultivation and Sublimation. Beijing. Chinese Publisher of Constructive Materials, 288.
Cheng BH. 1987. The Effect of External Qi on the Plasma eAMP and Skin Ethanol. J Chin Rehab Med, 1:48.
Chen K and Yeung R. 2002a. Exploratory Studies of Qigong Therapy for Cancer in China. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 1(4):345-70.
Chen K. 2004. An Analytic Review of Studies on Measuring Effects of External Qi in China. Alt Therapies, 10(4):38-50.
Chen KW and Yeung R. 2002b. A Review of Qigong Therapy for Cancer Treatment. J Internat Soc Life Information Science (ISLIS). Vol 20(2).
Chen KW, Berger CC, Manheimer E, Forde D, Madigson J, and Lejuez CW. 2012. Meditative Therapies for Reducing Anxiety: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Depression and Anxiety , June, 14.
Chen ZF. 1980. Research Reports of Beijing Society of Qigong Study. (Circulated internally only.)
Cheran, Larissa Emilia. "Exploring the Mechanisms of Interaction between Human Consciousness and Networks of Living Neurons." Journal of Nonlocality1, no. 1 (2012).
Chernet B. and Levin M. (2013) Endogenous Voltage Potentials and the Microenvironment: Bioelectric Signals that Reveal, Induce and Normalize Cancer. J Clin Exp Oncol 2013, S1
Church, Dawson. The genie in your genes: Epigenetic medicine and the new biology of intention. Elite Books, 2009.
Chien CI; Tsuei JJ; Lee SC; Huang YC, and Wei YH (1991). Effect of emitted bioenergy on biochemical functions of cells Am J Chin Med 19, no. 3-4 (1991)
Chow YW and Tsang HW. 2007. Biopsychosocial Effects of Qigong as a Mindful Exercise for People with Anxiety Disorders: A Speculative Review. J Altern Complement Med, 13:831-9.
Chu DY, He WG, Zhou YF, and Chen BC. 1998. The Effect of Chinese Qigong on the Conformation of Biomolecules. Chin J Somatic Sci, 8(4):155-9.
Chu DY, Wang WZ, He BH, and Chen K. 2001. The Effect of External Qi of Qigong on Biomolecular Conformation. In: Chez RA (Ed.) Proceedings: Bridging Worlds and Filling Gaps in the Science of Healing. Hawaii, Nov 29-Dec 3, 2001, 132-7.
Chu WZ, Jiang DL, et al. 1989. Proc 2nd Intl Conf Qigong, Xi’an. 72.
Chwirot BW (2001) Ultraweak Luminescence as a source of information on biological systems. International Institute of Biophysics. www.datadiwan.de/iib/ib0601e.htm
CUMC Technology Ventures, July 15, 2013a. Clinical Trials for Cancer, One Patient at a Time
http://newsroom.cumc.columbia.edu/blog/2013/07/15/clinical-trials-for-cancer-one-patient-at-a-time/
CUMC Newsroom April 21, 2013b Study Identifies Hundreds of Potential Drug Targets to Starve Cancer|
Delanoy, Deborah L. "Anomalous psychophysiological responses to remote cognition: The DMILS studies." European Journal of Parapsychology 16 (2001): 30-41.
Dusek, Jeffery A., et al. "Genomic counter-stress changes induced by the relaxation response." PLoS One 3.7 (2008): e2576.
Elliott, Robert L., Xian P. Jiang, and Jonathan F. Head. "Want to Cure Cancer? Then Revisit the Past, Warburg Was Correct, Cancer Is a Metabolic Disease." Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014 (2014).
Esteller, Manel. "Epigenetics in cancer." New England Journal of Medicine 358, no. 11 (2008): 1148-1159.
Feng LD, Liu C, Zhu L, et al. 1996. Observation of the Effect of Emitted Qi Combined with Antitumor Herbs on Growth of Transplanted Tumors in Mice. Proc 3rd World Conf Med Qigong, Beijing. 5-6, 105.
Feng LD and Zhao XZ. 1988. A Study of Effect of Emitted Qi on the L1216 Cells of Leukemia in Mice. Proc 1st World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong, Beijing. 8.
Feng LD. 1994. Modern Qigong Science. Beijing: Economic Science Publisher.
Feng LD, Qian JQ, Chen S. 1990. Research on Reinforcing NK-Cells to Kill Stomach Carcinoma Cells with Waiqi (Emitted Qi). Proc 3rd Natl Acad Conf on Qigong Sciences, Guangzhou. 58, 75.
Feng LD, Bao GW, Qian JQ, Li SY. (1982). Observation of the effect of external qi on the Glen’s bacteria. The Nature Journal (Chinese), 5(9): 36.
Gerber B, Scholz C, Reimer T, Briese V, and Janni W. 2006. Complementary and Alternative Therapeutic Approaches in Patients with Early Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 95:199–209.
Grad BR (1965). Some biological effects of laying-on of hands: A review of experiments with animals and plants. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. 59:95-127.
Guan HB, and Liang JH. 1995. The Effects of Qigong External Qi on the IL-2 Activities and Growth of Spleen Cells in Mice. In: Lin ZP (Ed.) Understanding of True Qi Cultivation and Sublimation. Beijing. Chinese Publ of Constructive Materials, 319.
Guo SH, et al. 1989. Preliminary Study of the Effect of Qigong External Qi on the Structure and Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Vitamin C. In: Hu HC and Wu QY (Eds.) Paper Collections of Qigong Science Vol 1. Beijing. Beijing University of Technology Press, 15.
Guo XF, Bin Z, Tsutomu N, Satoshi T, and Masanori F. 2008. Clinical Effect of Qigong Practice on Essential Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Alt Comp Med, 14(1):27-37.
Haid M & Huprikar S. (2001) Modulation of germination and growth of plants by meditation. American J Chinese Med 2001;29 (3-4):393-401
Hamblin, Michael R. (2008) Mechanisms of Low Level Light Therapy Photobiological Sciences Online KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/
Hammerschlag R, Jain S, Baldwin AL, Gronowicz G, Lutgendorf SK, Oschman JL, Yount GL. Biofield Research: A Roundtable Discussion of Scientific and Methodological Issues . The Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 18, Number 12, 2012, pp. 1081–1086
Ho, M.-W. (1993) The rainbow and the worm: the physics of organisms, 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore
Horowitz S. 2009. Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Qigong. Alt Comp Ther, 15(4):178-83.
Hu G, Yi J et al. (1989). The effects of external qi on the germination of rice and wheat.” p.91 in Hu HC & Wu QY (eds) Paper Collections of Qigong Science. Vol I. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology Press.
Huang, Ying-Ying, Aaron C-H. Chen, James D. Carroll, and Michael R. Hamblin. Biphasic dose response in low
level light therapy. Dose-Response 7, no. 4 (2009): 358-383
Huang, Tim H-M., and Manel Esteller. Chromatin remodeling in mammary gland differentiation and breast tumorigenesis. Cold Spring Harbor, Perspectives in Biology 2, no. 9 (2010): a004515.
Jahn, R G and Dunne, B J (2005) The PEAR Proposition Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 195–245, 2005 http://www.icrl.org/pdf/PEARproposition.pdf
Jahn, R G and Dunne, B J (2011) Consciousness and the Source of Reality: The PEAR Odyssey. Princeton: The ICRL Press
Jahnke R, Larkey L, Rogers C, Etnier J, and Lin F. 2010. A Comprehensive Review of Health Benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi. Am J Health Promo, 24(6)1-25.
Jia L, Jia JD, Lu DY (1988). Effects of emitted qi on ultrastructural changes of the overstrained muscle of rabbits. P.14 in The First World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong, Beijing China.
Jin AW et al. (1994). Biological effect of external qi on the germination of rice seed. Chinese Journal of Somatic Science, 4(4): 167-70.
Jones, Siân, Meng Li, D. Williams Parsons, Xiaosong Zhang, Jelle Wesseling, Petra Kristel, Marjanka K. Schmidt et al. "Somatic mutations in the chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A occur in several tumor types." Human mutation 33, no. 1 (2012): 100-103.
Jozefczuk, J., and James Adjaye. "6 Quantitative Real-Time PCR-Based Analysis of Gene Expression." Methods in enzymology 500 (2011): 99.
Karu, Tiina I. (2011) Light Coherence. Is this Property Important for Photomedicine? Photobiological Sciences Online (KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/
Karu, Tiina I. (2008) Action Spectra: Their Importance for Low Level Light Therapy Photobiological Sciences Online (KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/
Kolata, Gina Advances Elusive in the Drive to Cure Cancer. New York Times, April 23, 2009
Lee MS, Chen KW, Sancier KM, and Ernst E. 2007. Qigong for Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Trials. Acta Oncol, 46:717-22.
Lee MS, Huh HJ, Jang HS, Sub C, Ryu H, and Chung HT. 2001. Effects of Emitted Qi on In Vitro Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activity. Am J Chin Med, Winter.
Lee MS, Pittler MH, and Ernst E. 2009. Internal Qigong for Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review. J of Pain, 10(11):1121-7.
Lei XF, Bi AH, Zhang ZX, and Cheng ZY. 1991. The Antitumor Effects of Qigong-Emitted Qi and Its Influence on the Immunologic Functions of Tumor-Bearing Mice. J Tongji Med U, 11(4):253-6.
Levin, Michael. "The wisdom of the body: future techniques and approaches to morphogenetic fields in regenerative medicine, developmental biology and cancer." Regenerative medicine 6, no. 6 (2011): 667-673.
Levin, Michael. "Morphogenetic fields in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer: non-local control of complex patterning." Biosystems 109, no. 3 (2012): 243-261.
Levin, Michael. "Reprogramming cells and tissue patterning via bioelectrical pathways: molecular mechanisms and biomedical opportunities." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 5, no. 6 (2013): 657-676.
Li QZ, Li P, Garcia GE, Johnson RJ, Feng L. (2005) Genomic profiling of neutrophil transcripts in Asian Qigong practitioners: a pilot study in gene regulation by mind-body interaction. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Feb;11(1):29-39
Li M, Zhang SL, Wu H, Liu JH, and Li FC. 1998. The Effect of External Qi on the DNA Synthesizing and Living Cycle of Liver Cancer Cells. Eastern Qigong, 3:2-3.
Li CX, et al. 1992. Preliminary Exploration of the Effect of External Qi on the Immune Function of Mice with Tumors. Chin J Somatic Sci, 2(2):67-71.
Lin BS, Dou GR, Cui ZH, et al. 1989. Studies of the Mice Tumors Treated by Qigong Waiqi. Proc 2nd Int. Conf Qigong, Xi’an. 72
Lin, Z. and Chen, K. (2002) Exploratory Studies of External Qi in China. J of ISLIS 20[2]:457
Lin YG, Zheng YY, Zhou DX, and Lu GP. 1980. J Shanghai Chin Med Pharm, 2:36.
Liu YS and Ou WA. 1989. The Effect of External Qi on the Immune Function of Mice. In: Hu HC and Wu QY (Eds.) Collected Papers of Qigong Science, Vol 1. Beijing. Beijing University of Technology Press, 161.
Liu X, Miller YD, Burton NW, and Brown WJ. 2008. A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong Medical Exercise on Indicators of Metabolic Syndrome, Glycaemic Control, Health Related Quality of Life, and Psychological Health in Adults with Elevated Blood Glucose. Br J Sports Med, October16.
Lu, ZY (1989). The effects of qi on biomolecules; 2nd Int Conf on Qigong, Xian, China. 1989: 359
McCraty R, Atkinson M. and Tomasino D. Modulation of DNA Conformation by Heart-Focused Intention Institute of HeartMath, 2003
http://www.heartmath.org/templates/ihm/downloads/pdf/research/publications/modulation-of-dna.pdf
Miller RN, (1972). The positive effect of prayer on plants. Psychic, 3(5): 24-25.
Nakamura H, Kokubo H, Parkhomtchouk D, Chen W, Tanaka M, Zhang T, Kokado T, Yamamoto M, Fukuda N (2000) J of ISLIS 18[2]: 418
Nash, Carroll B. (1982). Psychokinetic control of bacterial growth. Journal of Society for Psychical Research. 51:217-221.
Nash, Carroll B., (1984). Test of psychokinetic control of bacterial mutation. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. 78(2):145-152
NIH Report, 1992 Imagery. In: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons" - a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical Systems and Practices in the United States, 1992
Nawalinski, Ted. "The Science of Qi Healing." (2012). TCCII Publications, Washington DC
Nicholas C, (1977). The effects of loving attention on plant growth, New England J. of Parapsychology, 1977, 1:19-24.
Ng BH and Tsang HW. (2009). Psychophysiological Outcomes of Health Qigong for Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review. Psychophysiology, 46:257-69.
Nguyen LT, Davis RB, Kaptchuk EJ, and Phillips RS. 2011. Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Self-Rated Health Status: Results from a National Survey. J Gen Intern Med, 26(4):399-404.
Ooi, Kean Hin, Liang Han Simm, and Choon Soo Tan. "Information-Energy Equivalence in Qigong: Reviewing Dossey and Schwartz’s “Therapeutic Intent/Healing Bibliography of Research” in Light of Pang Ming’s Three Levels Theory of Matter." Journal of Nonlocality 2, no. 1 (2013).
Oschman, JL (1997). What is healing energy? Part 3: silent pulses. J of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 1[3]:179
Pan XK, (1995). The effect of external Qi on the seed of wheat. P.313 in Lin ZP (ed.) Understanding of True Qi Cultivation and Sublimation. Beijing: Chinese Publisher of Constructive Materials
Pei HS et al. (1994). Preliminary observation of the effect of external Qi on the E-coli (C311). Chinese Journal of Somatic Science. 4(2): 83-85.
Popp, FA (1986) On the Coherence of Ultraweak Photon Emission from Living Tissues. In: C.W. Kilmister (ed.) Disequilibrium and Self-Organisation. Reidel
Popp FA, Chang J (1998) The Physical Background and the Informational Character of Biophoton emission. In: Chang JJ, Fisch J, Popp F-A (eds) Biophotons. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht p 239
Popp, FA(1999) About the Coherence of Biophotons. In: Boston University and MIT (eds) Macroscopic Quantum Coherence, Proceedings of an International Conference of the Boston University. World Scientific www.datadiwan.de/iib/ib0204e_1.htm
Popp FA (2002) Basic theory of Cancer Development and Defense, a presentation for the 11th International Conference "Biological Cancer Defense" in Heidelberg, Germany (May 3-5, 2002) International Institute of Biophysics www.lifescientists.de/publication/pub2002-05.htm
Qian SS, Sun W, Liu Q, et al. 1993a. Influence of Emitted Qi on Cancer Growth, Metastasis and Survival Time of the Host. Proc 2nd World Conf for Acad Exch of Medical Qigong, Beijing. 106.
Qian SS and Shen HX. 1993b. The Curative Effect of the Emitted Qi on Mice with MO4 Tumors. Proc 2nd World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong. Beijing. 107.
Qian SS, Gao CM, Wu YD, et al. 1998. A Preliminary Experimental Research of the Curative Effect of Waiqi of Qigong on the Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Proc 4th World Conf on Qigong, Beijing. 127.
Qian SS, Lun W, and Liu Q. 1994. The Effect of External Qi on the Growth, Transform, and Survival Time of Tumors. Chin J Somatic Sci, 2(3):117-9.
Qu Su, Solveig Mjelstad Olafsrud, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda, and Fahri Saatcioglu. "Rapid gene expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes upon practice of a comprehensive yoga program." PloS one 8, no. 4 (2013): e61910.
Radin, Dean (1997) The Conscious Universe HarperCollins Publishers New York, NY 1997
Radin, Dean. Supernormal: Science, Yoga, and the Evidence for Extraordinary Psychic Abilities. Random House LLC, 2013.
Rahnama M., Tuszynski J.A., Bokkon I., Cifra M, Sardar P. and Salari V. (2011) "Emission of mitochondrial biophotons and their effect on electrical activity of membrane via microtubules." Journal of integrative neuroscience 10, no. 01 (2011): 65-88.
Rauscher EA and Rubik BA (1983). Human volitional effects on a model bacterial system. Psi Research. 1983, 2(1), 38-48.
Ravnik-Glavac M, Sonja Hrašovec, Jure Bon, Jurij Dreu, Damjan Glavac (2012) Genome-wide expression changes in a higher state of consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 21 (2012) 1322–1344
Rein G and McCraty R, (1994), DNA as a detector of subtle energies. Proceedings of the 4th annual conf. of the ISSSEEM, Boulder, CO.
Ren S, et al. 1990. Reports of Cooperative Group of Qigong Study. Tongji Medical Univ.
Rogers CE, Larkey LK, and Keller C. 2009. A Review of Clinical Trials of Tai Chi and Qigong in Older Adults. West J Nurs Res, 31:245-79.
Rosenthal and Merajver 2012; Elliott et al. 2014
Rosenthal, Devin T., and Sofia D. Merajver. Rethinking the war on cancer: multidisciplinary collaborations between biologists and physical scientists. Future Oncology 8, no. 4 (2012): 339-341.
Roy, Rustum, Chair (2000) Report on the First National Conference on the Bigu Manifestation, Health Effects and Scientific Research of Yan Xin Qigong. Pennsylvania State University, June 23-25, 2000 http://www.scribd.com/doc/40294944/Bigu-Conference-Report-PennState-June-2000
Rubik B. (2000) Electromagnetic and Other Subtle Energies in Psi Research. In: Subtle Energies and Uncharted Realms of the Mind: an Esalen Invitational Conference
Saklani A. (1990). Psychokinetic effects on plant growth: further studies. In: Roll W, Morris R, Morris J, eds. Research in Parapsychology 1989. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press; 37-41.
Saklani A. (1988). Preliminary tests for psi-ability in shamans of Garhwal Himalaya. J. of the Society for Psychical Research. 55(81), 60-70.
Sancier KM. 1996a. Anti-Aging Benefits of Qigong. J Intl Soc Life Info Science, 14(1):12-21.
Sancier K. 1996b. Medical Applications of Qigong. Alt Therapies, 2(1):1-7.
Sancier KM. 1999. Qigong, the Anti-Aging Therapy. Massage and Bodywork, 128-30.
Scofield, AM and Hodges, RD, (1991). Demonstration of a healing effect in the laboratory using a simple plant model. Journal of the society for Psychical Research. 57, 321-343.
Shah S, Ogden AT, Pettker CM, Raffo A, Itescu S, Oz MC. (1999). A study of the effect of energy healing on in vitro tumor cell proliferation. J Altern Complement Med. 5(4):359-365.
Shan LY, Sun Y, Zhang LY, Hu YJ, Li SP, Sun MY et al. (1990). Studies on the selection of antibiotic producing strains by treatment with qigong. 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou, China. 1990: 20.
Shao XM, Liu GC, Zhou QJ, Yu F, Xu HF, Xue HL, et al (1990). Effect of qigong waiqi (emitted qi) on the growth and differentiation of implanted tumor cells (in mice); 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou, China. 1990: 85.
Sharma et al. 2010; Estreller 2008; Huang and Estreller 2010; Wang et al. 2007; Jones et al. 2012
Sharma, Shikhar, Theresa K. Kelly, and Peter A. Jones. "Epigenetics in cancer." Carcinogenesis 31, no. 1 (2010): 27-36.
Shen GX and Gao JX. 1995. Exploration of the Mechanisms of Qigong Anti-Cancer Therapy. China Qigong Science, 2(8):30-1. [In Chinese.]
Sidorov L and Chen K (2006) Biophysical Mechanisms of Genetic Regulation: Is There a Link to Mind-Body Healing? Journal of Nonlocality and Remote Mental Interactions IV-1, 2006
Sidorov L. (2001) On the Possible Mechanism of Intent in Paranormal Phenomena. J of Theoretics (2001) http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/Links/Papers/INTENT.pdf; J of Nonlocality and Remote Mental Interactions I [1]
Simko A, Kriehuber R, Weiss DG, Luben RA (1998) Effects of 50 Hz EMF exposure on micronucleus formation and apoptosis in transformed and nontransformed human cell lines. Bioelectromagnetics 19[2]: 85
Simonton OC, Matthews-Simonton S, Sparks TF. Psychological intervention in the treatment of cancer. Psychosomatics 1980 Mar;21(3):226-3
Simonton OC, Matthews-Simonton S. Cancer and stress: counselling the cancer patient. Med J Aust 1981 Jun 27;1(13):679, 682-79, 683.
Simonton OC, Matthews-Simonton S, Creighton JL. Getting Well Again - A Step-by-Step, Self-Help-Guide to Overcoming Cancer for Patients and Their Families. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing; 1992a
Simonton OC, Hampton B, Henson R. The Healing Journey. Authors Choice Press; 1992b
Smith, Kendric C. (2013) Low-Level Laser or LED Therapy is Phototherapy Photobiological Sciences Online (KC Smith, ed.) American Society for Photobiology, http://www.photobiology.info/
Sun CL, Liu CM, Shen ZQ, and Li XM (1990). Effect of Xiantian-ziran qigong on red blood cells; 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou, China. 1990: 48.
Sun MY, Li SP, Meng GR, Cui YH, and Yan X, (1988). Effect of emitted qi on trace examination of UV spectroscopy on the DNA solution of fish sperm; 1st World Conf Acad Exch Med Qigong. Beijing, China. 1988: 172.
Sun, Yan, Chao Wang, and Jiapei Dai. "Biophotons as neural communication signals demonstrated by in situ biophoton autography." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 9, no. 3 (2010): 315-322.
Tafur J., Van Wijk E.P.A., Van Wijk R. and Mills, P.J (2010) Biophoton Detection and Low-Intensity Light Therapy: A Potential Clinical Partnership Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 February; 28(1): 23–30.
Tofani S, Cintorino M, Barone D, Berardelli M, de Santi MM, Ferrara A, Orlassino R, Rolfo K, Ronchetto F, Tripodi SA, Tosi P (2002) Increased mouse survival, tumor growth inhibition and decreased immunoreactive p53 after exposure to magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 23[3]: 230
Tofani S, Barone D, Cintorino M, deSanti MM, Ferrara A, Orlassino R, Ossola P, Peroglio F, Rolfo K, Ronchetto F (2001) Static and ELF magnetic fields induce tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis. Bioelectromagnetics 22[6]: 419
Tsujiuchi T, Kumano H, Yoshiuchi K, et al. 2002. The Effects of Qigong Relaxation on the Control of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 25:241-2
Van Wijk, Roeland, Masaki Kobayashi, and Eduard Van Wijk. "Anatomic characterization of human ultra-weak photon emission with a moveable photomultiplier and CCD imaging." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 83, no. 1 (2006): 69-76.
Vanschoubroek Lieve, Michaela Sieh , CAM-Cancer Consortium. Simonton Method [online document]. http://www.cam-cancer.org/CAM-Summaries/Mind-body-interventions/Simonton-Method. August 21, 2013
Vedral, Vlatko (2011) Living in a Quantum World. Scientific American, June 2011 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=living-in-a-quantum-world
Vedral, Vlatko (2010) Quantum physics: Hot entanglement. Nature 468, 769–770 December 2010
Xin L, Miller YD, and Brown WJ. 2007. A Qualitative Review of the Role of Qigong in the Management of Diabetes. J Altern Complement Med, 13:427-33.
Yan X, Li F, Dozmorov I, Frank MB, Dao M, Centola M, Cao W, Hu D. (2012) External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong induces cell death and gene expression alterations promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and glucose metabolism in small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012 Apr;363(1-2)
Yan X, Lin H, Li H, Traynor-Kaplan A, Xia ZQ, Lu FMS, Fan FY, and Dao M. 1999. Structure and Property Changes in Certain Material Influenced by the External Qi of Qigong. Material Res Innovation, 2:349-59.
Yang JH and Guan HB. 1990. Effect of Emitted Qi of Qigong on Human Lymphocytes and Tumor Cells In Vitro. Proc 3rd Nat Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou. 81.
Yin JG, Huang XH, and Sun Y. 1998. A Study of the Inhibitory Effect of Qigong External Qi on the Hepatitis B Virus In Vitro. China Qigong, 8:4-7.
Wan ZC, Chan GX, Fang WZ, et al. 1990. A Preliminary Observation on the Effect of Qigong Waiqi on the Function of Making Blood. Proc 3rd Natl Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou. 50.
Wang JS, Li DZ, and Zhao JZ. 1989. Experimental Study of Compound Analgesia by Qigong Information Treating Instrument and Acupuncture. Proc 2nd Intl Conf on Qigong, Xi’an. 135.
Wang, Gang G., C. David Allis, and Ping Chi. "Chromatin remodeling and cancer, Part I: Covalent histone modifications." Trends in molecular medicine13, no. 9 (2007): 363-372.
Wortz EC, Bauer AS, Blackwelder RF, Eerkens JW, Saur AJ. (2002). An investigation of Soviet Psychical Research. In: Tart, Puthoff and Targ (Eds.) IEEE Symposia on the Nature of Extrasensory Perception. Hampton Roads Publishing, Charlottesville, VA
Xin L, Miller YD, Burton NW, and Brown WJ. 2009. A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong Medical Exercise on Indicators of Metabolic Syndrome, Glycaemic Control, Health Related Quality of Life, and Psychological Health in Adults with Elevated Blood Glucose. Brit J Sports Med. 43(11):840-4.
Xin L, Miller YD, and Brown WJ. 2007. A Qualitative Review of the Role of Qigong in the Management of Diabetes. J Altern Complement Med, 13:427-33.
Xu HZ and Zhao YJ. 1984. Biological Detectors of Qigong External Qi. In: Lin ZP (Ed.) The Basic Course of Chinese Qigong Science. Beijing. Chin Acad of Qigong, 28.
Zhang JM, Chen YF, HE JH, Xian T and Yi Y. 1990. Analgesic Effect of Emitted Qi and the Preliminary Study of Its Mechanism. Proc 3rd Natl Acad Conf on Qigong Science, Guangzhou.
Zhang XJ, et al. 1995. Chinese Encyclopedia of Qigong, Beijing. 506. [In Chinese.]
Zhang SL, Wu H, and Li M. 1996. The Effect of Zhinang Qigong External Qi on the Growth of Human Liver Cancer Cells (BEL 7402). Zhinang Qigong Sci, 10:19-20.
Zhang FD, Zhao J, Yue HQ, Liu GQ, and Liu, A (1990). Study of molecular biology of functional mechanism of emitted qi on proteins; Guangzhou, China. 1990: 62.
Zhao TJ, Li CX, Lu DY, et al. 1991. Investigation on Effects of External Energy (Waiqi) on Gliomas (G422) Cells in Mice. In: Hu HC and Wu QY (Eds.). Collected Works of Qigong Science, III. Beijing U of Technology Press, 42-63.
Zhao S, Mao XY, Zhao BZ, Li HZ, and Zhou DH. 1998. Preliminary Observation of the Inhibitory Effect of Qigong External Qi on the Transplanted Tumors in Mice. Eastern Qigong, 3:6-8.
Zhou RH, Wu QY, Xie HZ, (1989). Study of the effect of external Qi on the growth of plants. P. 82 in Hu HC & Wu QY (eds) Paper Collections of Qigong Science. Vol I. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology Press
Zhou GY, et al. 1989. A Study of the Effect of External Qi on the Activity of Bio-Molecules. In: Hu HC and Wu QY (Eds.) Paper Collections of Qigong Science Vol 1. Beijing. Beijing University of Technology Press, 75.
Zhou LD, Wang XZ, Zhang S, et al. 1990. Study on the Mechanisms of the Anti-Tumor Effect of Qigong Waiqi. Proc 3rd Natl Acad Conf on Qigong Sci, Guangzhou. 69, 88.
Zhou J, Li C, Yao G, Chiang H, Chang Z (2002) Gene expression of cytokine receptors in HL60 cells exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 23(5): 339
Zhao (1994) Chinese Journal of Stomatology 29[2]:75
Zimmerman JW, Pennison MJ, Brezovich I, Yi N, Yang CT, Ramaker R, Absher D, Myers RM, Kuster N, Costa FP, Barbault A, Pasche B. Cancer cell proliferation is inhibited by specific modulation frequencies. British Journal of Cancer (2012) 106, 307 – 313
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
